TY - JOUR
T1 - Heparin Supplementation of Nonionic Contrast Agents
AU - Smith, Douglas C.
N1 - Funding Information:
1 From the Departments of Radiation Sci ences (D.R.M., D.C.S.) and Pathology (J.C.W., B.S.B.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, Calif. Received November 28, 1990; revision requested January 15, 1991; revision received February 1; accepted February 7. Supported by grants from Mallinckrodt, Inc. Address reprint requests to B.S.B., Room 2516, Loma Linda Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA92350. 2 D.C.S. is a paid consultant for a corporation whose products or services are related to the subject matter of this article.
PY - 1991
Y1 - 1991
N2 - Diatrizoate has been widely used clinically for many years and has been effective in inhibiting clot formation in catheters and syringes. The authors attempted to determine the amount of heparin required to raise the anticoagulant potency of ioversol, iohexol, or iopamidol to that of diatrizoate. The anticoagulant potency of ioxaglate was also examined. One hundred eighty glass syringes containing unmodified diatrizoate, unmodified ioxaglate, or a nonionic contrast agent mixed with incremental amounts of heparin were contaminated with venous blood from 10 healthy volunteers. The syringes were then repeatedly disturbed to simulate the frequent handling that occurs during an angiographic procedure. The weights of the clots in the syringes at 30 minutes were plotted against heparin levels and indicated that, for the average sample studied, the “diatrizoate-equivalent” heparin level for ioversol, iohexol, or iopamidol was less than 1.5 U (USP) of heparin per milliliter. An additional margin of anticoagulation is probably desirable. The 97.5 percentile of the distribution of the diatrizoate equivalents in the population was estimated to require a heparin dose of 3.5 U/mL.
AB - Diatrizoate has been widely used clinically for many years and has been effective in inhibiting clot formation in catheters and syringes. The authors attempted to determine the amount of heparin required to raise the anticoagulant potency of ioversol, iohexol, or iopamidol to that of diatrizoate. The anticoagulant potency of ioxaglate was also examined. One hundred eighty glass syringes containing unmodified diatrizoate, unmodified ioxaglate, or a nonionic contrast agent mixed with incremental amounts of heparin were contaminated with venous blood from 10 healthy volunteers. The syringes were then repeatedly disturbed to simulate the frequent handling that occurs during an angiographic procedure. The weights of the clots in the syringes at 30 minutes were plotted against heparin levels and indicated that, for the average sample studied, the “diatrizoate-equivalent” heparin level for ioversol, iohexol, or iopamidol was less than 1.5 U (USP) of heparin per milliliter. An additional margin of anticoagulation is probably desirable. The 97.5 percentile of the distribution of the diatrizoate equivalents in the population was estimated to require a heparin dose of 3.5 U/mL.
KW - Angiography, contrast media
KW - Blood, coagulation, 9.442
KW - Contrast media, comparative studies
KW - Contrast media, effects
KW - Heparin
KW - SD
KW - standard deviation
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U2 - 10.1016/S1051-0443(91)72284-7
DO - 10.1016/S1051-0443(91)72284-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 1799759
SN - 1051-0443
VL - 2
SP - 209
EP - 213
JO - Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology
JF - Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology
IS - 2
ER -